"bruken" meaning in Low German

See bruken in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Forms: bruukt [present, singular, third-person], bruuk [past], bruukt [participle, past], hebben [auxiliary], weak [table-tags]
Etymology: From Middle Low German brûken, Old Saxon brūkan. Etymology templates: {{root|nds|ine-pro|*bʰrewHg-}}, {{dercat|nds|gmw-pro|gem-pro|inh=2}}, {{inh|nds|gml|brûken}} Middle Low German brûken, {{inh|nds|osx|brūkan}} Old Saxon brūkan Head templates: {{head|nds|verb|third-person singular simple present|bruukt|past tense|bruuk|past participle|bruukt|auxiliary verb|hebben}} bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)
  1. to need to, to have to (in negation or with the adverb alleen (“just, only”), you can also use möten)
    Sense id: en-bruken-nds-verb-KoJdLc8- Categories (other): Low German entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Low German entries with incorrect language header: 92 8 Disambiguation of Pages with 6 entries: 42 6 6 7 6 7 6 6 8 8 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 59 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 6 6
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb

Forms: bruukt [present, singular, third-person], bruuk [past], bruukt [participle, past], hebben [auxiliary], weak [table-tags]
Etymology: From Middle Low German gebrūken, Old Saxon gibrūkan, from Proto-Germanic *gabrūkaną. See Etymology 1 above. Etymology templates: {{root|nds|ine-pro|*bʰrewHg-}}, {{inh|nds|gml|gebrūken}} Middle Low German gebrūken, {{inh|nds|osx|gibrūkan}} Old Saxon gibrūkan, {{inh|nds|gem-pro|*gabrūkaną}} Proto-Germanic *gabrūkaną Head templates: {{head|nds|verb|third-person singular simple present|bruukt|past tense|bruuk|past participle|bruukt|auxiliary verb|hebben}} bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)
  1. to use
    Sense id: en-bruken-nds-verb-1sSLc2ib
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2
{
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰrewHg-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "gem-pro",
        "inh": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "brûken"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German brûken",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "osx",
        "3": "brūkan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon brūkan",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Low German brûken, Old Saxon brūkan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bruukt",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruuk",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruukt",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hebben",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "inflection-table-top",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "10": "hebben",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "third-person singular simple present",
        "4": "bruukt",
        "5": "past tense",
        "6": "bruuk",
        "7": "past participle",
        "8": "bruukt",
        "9": "auxiliary verb"
      },
      "expansion": "bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Low German",
  "lang_code": "nds",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "92 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Low German entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 6 6 7 6 7 6 6 8 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "59 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 6 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "You don’t need to wait for me.",
          "text": "Du bruukst nich op mi to töven.",
          "translation": "You don’t need to wait for me.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to need to, to have to (in negation or with the adverb alleen (“just, only”), you can also use möten)"
      ],
      "id": "en-bruken-nds-verb-KoJdLc8-",
      "links": [
        [
          "need",
          "need"
        ],
        [
          "alleen",
          "alleen#Low_German"
        ],
        [
          "möten",
          "möten"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bruken"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰrewHg-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "gebrūken"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German gebrūken",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "osx",
        "3": "gibrūkan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon gibrūkan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gabrūkaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gabrūkaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Low German gebrūken, Old Saxon gibrūkan, from Proto-Germanic *gabrūkaną. See Etymology 1 above.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bruukt",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruuk",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruukt",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hebben",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "inflection-table-top",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "10": "hebben",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "third-person singular simple present",
        "4": "bruukt",
        "5": "past tense",
        "6": "bruuk",
        "7": "past participle",
        "8": "bruukt",
        "9": "auxiliary verb"
      },
      "expansion": "bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Low German",
  "lang_code": "nds",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to use"
      ],
      "id": "en-bruken-nds-verb-1sSLc2ib",
      "links": [
        [
          "use",
          "use"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bruken"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Low German entries with incorrect language header",
    "Low German lemmas",
    "Low German terms derived from Middle Low German",
    "Low German terms derived from Old Saxon",
    "Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Low German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Low German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰrewHg-",
    "Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German",
    "Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon",
    "Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Low German verbs",
    "Low German weak verbs",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰrewHg-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "gem-pro",
        "inh": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "brûken"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German brûken",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "osx",
        "3": "brūkan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon brūkan",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Low German brûken, Old Saxon brūkan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bruukt",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruuk",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruukt",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hebben",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "inflection-table-top",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "10": "hebben",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "third-person singular simple present",
        "4": "bruukt",
        "5": "past tense",
        "6": "bruuk",
        "7": "past participle",
        "8": "bruukt",
        "9": "auxiliary verb"
      },
      "expansion": "bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Low German",
  "lang_code": "nds",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Low German terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "You don’t need to wait for me.",
          "text": "Du bruukst nich op mi to töven.",
          "translation": "You don’t need to wait for me.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to need to, to have to (in negation or with the adverb alleen (“just, only”), you can also use möten)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "need",
          "need"
        ],
        [
          "alleen",
          "alleen#Low_German"
        ],
        [
          "möten",
          "möten"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bruken"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Low German entries with incorrect language header",
    "Low German lemmas",
    "Low German terms derived from Middle Low German",
    "Low German terms derived from Old Saxon",
    "Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Low German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Low German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰrewHg-",
    "Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German",
    "Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon",
    "Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Low German verbs",
    "Low German weak verbs",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰrewHg-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "gebrūken"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German gebrūken",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "osx",
        "3": "gibrūkan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon gibrūkan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gabrūkaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gabrūkaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Low German gebrūken, Old Saxon gibrūkan, from Proto-Germanic *gabrūkaną. See Etymology 1 above.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bruukt",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruuk",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruukt",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hebben",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "inflection-table-top",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "10": "hebben",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "third-person singular simple present",
        "4": "bruukt",
        "5": "past tense",
        "6": "bruuk",
        "7": "past participle",
        "8": "bruukt",
        "9": "auxiliary verb"
      },
      "expansion": "bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Low German",
  "lang_code": "nds",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to use"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "use",
          "use"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bruken"
}

Download raw JSONL data for bruken meaning in Low German (4.5kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/328",
  "msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "bruken"
  ],
  "section": "Low German",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "bruken",
  "trace": "started on line 3, detected on line 9"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "bruken"
  ],
  "section": "Low German",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "bruken",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 9"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/449",
  "msg": "BOLD not properly closed on the same line",
  "path": [
    "bruken"
  ],
  "section": "Low German",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "bruken",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
  "path": [
    "bruken"
  ],
  "section": "Low German",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "bruken",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/328",
  "msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "bruken"
  ],
  "section": "Low German",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "bruken",
  "trace": "started on line 3, detected on line 9"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "bruken"
  ],
  "section": "Low German",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "bruken",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 9"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/449",
  "msg": "BOLD not properly closed on the same line",
  "path": [
    "bruken"
  ],
  "section": "Low German",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "bruken",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
  "path": [
    "bruken"
  ],
  "section": "Low German",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "bruken",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Low German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.